"WhatsApp is spying on people! What should we use?"
"Use Signal."
"But it's based in the USA, where freedom of speech isn't so free, and the government is spying on everyone."
"Shhh. Trust Signal."
"But you can't verify what's happening on their servers!"
"Shhh. Ignore that detail."
"Shouldn't we use something outside the USA — just like we'd avoid apps from Russia or China?"
"Shhh. Stop asking questions and use Signal."
TeleGuard — Switzerland, Europe
https://teleguard.ch
Threema — Switzerland, Europe
https://threema.ch
Ginlo — Germany, Europe
https://www.ginlo.net
Delta Chat — Germany, Europe
https://delta.chat
Treebal — France, Europe
https://www.treebal.green
These alternatives operate outside U.S. jurisdiction. They include a mix of open-source and closed-source software, both free and paid — so there's something for everyone.